The attackers, who used a personal vehicle with the true plates, are quickly rounded up but the organizer, Colonel Bastien Theiry, will not be arrested until after another attack at Petit Clamart. 0000001737 00000 n Vereinbart wurden weiterhin Amnestieregelungen: Gefangene mussten auf beiden Seiten binnen 20 Tagen nach Vertragsabschluss freigelassen werden. Colonel Château Jaubert rejoins the OAS and takes command of the organization in Constantine. Twenty five people are killed and 84 wounded inFLN attacks in the Orania. (qq4�0��V���q���A?���l���Zm��b��h;b)i4CM�h&�@.�H ڬ a��� ��G@��sy���0I��" D�"3L'> �Hf��N�(L& �}��MA*�ᄼC La Villa d'Andréa, command post of the counter-terrorist SAC in Algiers, is destroyed by an OAS bomb. Louis Joxe addresses a note to the French High Commissioner Christian Fouchet, “We should not hesitate to gather and protect those (Harkis) who would be threatened and if necessary transport them to the metropolis.” April 8. Gerboise Vert, a Plutonium fission device, is hastily detonated to prevent it is possible capture by General Challe's mutineers. The FLN organizes further demonstrations in Paris to protest the police brutality of the previous day. The OAS launches a grenade and mortar attack on the Summer Palace at Algiers around 11 p.m. Paris police break up an anti-OAS demonstration injuring hundreds among the crowd of nearly 20,000. Das Bombenattentat von Pont-sur-Seine auf Präsident General de Gaulle am 8. An OAS maquis is established in the Ouarsenis. The first reception camp for Harkis in metropolitan France is opened at Larzac. Une indépendance célébrée à Alger mais aussi à Paris par les Algériens eux-mêmes. 0000000593 00000 n The OAS establishes a National Council of the Resistance (CNR) under the presidency of Georges Bidault. An OAS squadron attacks an armored patrol of the Gendarmrie Mobile in the heart of Algiers. French and FLN negotiators meet at Lons le Saunier in the Jura. Coup de Fréjac: The Premier warns the cabinet, “If the Government does not prepare for the evacuation and resettlement of the Pied Noirs in metropolitan France, it will bare a heavy responsibility.” The ministers refuse to listen. %� The OAS begins an offensive against the European milieu (mafia). Alle Personen, die mit der Unabhängigkeit die französische Staatsbürgerschaft behielten (französische Staatsbürger französischer oder europäischer Abstammung, algerische Juden sowie Personen, denen der französische Staat vor der Unabhängigkeit die allgemeinen Bürgerrechte zuerkannt hatte[6]) und die am Tag der Unabhängigkeit entweder. General Nicot is sentenced to 12 years in prison for participating in the putsch. Members of the MPC bomb three downtown Algiers bars suspected of being gathering spots for the OAS. General Ginestet and Colonel Mabille are killed by the OAS in Oran. Maurice Gingembre, liaison agent for the OAS, is arrest on an airplane flying between Paris and Algiers by Colonel Debrosse of the Gendarmerie Mobile, while in possession of numerous documents which lead to the arrest of several members of the OAS hierarchy. A Government of abandonment ...is today on the verge of definitively delivering Algeria to the external organization of the rebellion. A gang holds up the Bata shoe warehouse in Bab el Oued and carries off several hundred pairs for the OAS maquis. Algerian Affairs Minister Louis Joxe declares, “No matter what comes, we will all work so that the men and women of Algeria can build their future together.” But then emphasizes, “I am well constrained to ask what the declarations of intent in which our negotiators make the future of Algeria’s Europeans gleam with reference to association with France....are worth.”. 15,000 residents have been stopped and interned for identity checks. The curfew for Algerian Moslems is reestablished in Paris. Algiers commissioner Avoury, a specialist in the anti-OAS fight, is killed by an OAS commando. In Médéa, an officer of the ALN declares publicly: "OAS or no OAS, we do not want any more a French in Algeria.". The police and the Army in Algeria are reorganized. The inhabitants of Bab el Oued, who return to work are stopped and interned in the camps recently emptied of prisoners FLN. Le déchaînement des commandos Delta de l’OAS, avec les meurtres d’Algériens musulmans en avril, mai et juin 1962, a fait craindre des représailles de la part du FLN. 1958-1960 After a brief period of success, the OAS guerrillas in the Ouarsenis region are wiped out by the FLN and the French Army which enjoys the advantage of air support. 1945-1957 | Four people are killed and 54 wounded in FLN attacks throughout Algiers. Two OAS members; Sergeant Albert Dovecar and Claude Piegts, a Pied Noir civilian, are shot by a firing squad at the Fort of Trou d'Enfer. Philippe Castille, perpetrator of the bazooka attack on General Salan in 1957, who joined the OAS after escaping, is arrested once more in Paris. Twenty five people are killed and 100 injured in demonstrations organized by the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic and the Army of National Liberation to mark the 7th anniversary of the uprising. The first edition of an OAS pirate newspaper is published in Algiers. At the call of Maâmar Kaci, chief of FLN Wilaya I in France, 20 to 25,000 Moslem workers, immigrants from Algeria, demonstrate in Paris for an Algerian Algeria and the release of Ahmed Ben Bella. Für Meinungsäußerungen galt diese Amnestie bis zum Tag des Unabhängigkeitsreferendums. The first OAS pamphlet is distributed in Algeria and OAS posters appear on the walls of Algiers. �7 ̂��K�[��P�+�__H���K�| ��_A/��_I��� The Evian Conference opens. Two hundred captains boo a colonel who hailed the failure of the Algiers Putsch off stage at Camp Valdahon in Doubs, France. The French Government information office issues a bulletin on the cease fire indicating that, “Nearly all the French will remain in Algeria after independence.”. FLN and OAS terrorist stage 8 attacks in Algiers. An OAS gang robs the Bank of Algeria at Oran of 2,140,315,000 old francs. Colonel Lecomte is sentenced to 8 years in prison for participating in the putsch. Commissioner Alex Goldenberg, specialist in the anti-OAS fight, is killed by an OAS commando. 0000007406 00000 n Negotiations with the FLN resume in Lugrin. 32 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /L 173787 /H [ 752 184 ] /O 35 /E 12936 /N 6 /T 173103 >> endobj xref 32 16 0000000016 00000 n Colonel Ahmed Rafa, a French citizen of native origin is promoted to General. French voters overwhelmingly approve General de Gaulle’s Algerian policy in a referendum. The Court of Cassation rejects the appeal of General Edmond Jouhaud and Sergeant Albert Dovecar who are sentenced to death for their participation in the OAS. In fact, more than a million leave by during the next year. Ahmed Ben Bella and his fellow prisoners are released from detention at Aulnoy. FLN attacks on European civilians in Algiers leave 23 people dead. Algerians approve the Evian Accords in a referendum by a vote of 5,993,754 to 16,478. President de Gaulle, speaking in Verdun, declares, “The Algerian War is finished. 0000001759 00000 n Meetings between French and FLN negotiators resume in Luzerne, Switzerland. Eighteen policemen are killed and 25 others wounded. ��y����A�#��sV��q��6�o��������6�����4��wi�}��|E�6p�m�v�v��a�ok�}�����/}����Qɏ�Q�������Rk�k�����p�֫_�Ұ����������֗������\"+����_�����^��__��oK�����uu_����*������}�^�?���~��_��zo�_��}������_��M����%�N��J^���}�6�5[�:M���I�l0�� 5p�h"�xM�8@� �a&0@�Aak���'k�w��ȃ�� #t��e��(�b"&�!��DG������������������������������������jt�=�ɼIP���"��+�A���l;�v�� U�78GDh6]�a5�n��饦�m��t�����m�li������k���k���j�㝖'�B?���������v����YSDp�d�C%�Gs%! France implements a unilateral ceasefire. 0000001053 00000 n � }'� ��_I��_��~������J�Pw�J��$���f��u�ِ92ir Abderahmane Farès' provisional executive resigns. Among the rebels and civilian populace, 18 are killed and 55 wounded. Michel Debré responding to General Ailleret’s question asking whether Algerian Moslems will lose their French citizenship automatically declares; "Yes, if they remain in Algeria but if they come to metropolitan France they will be able to reclaim French nationality and to benefit from the assistance to the repatriates.". A captain, 7 officers and 46 men of the OAS are captured. Desertions from the French Army total 1,670 for the month of March. Five hundred of the 11,540 FLN sympathizers arrested during the Paris demonstrations are deported to Algeria. According to Boulin, “serious studies” show that the departure of 200,000 can be expected in three months following independence. The cabinet issues a decree disbanding the OAS. Die Verträge bestehen aus einer Grundsatzerklärung über die Bedingungen eines Waffenstillstands und … William Levy, Chairman of the Algiers section of the French Socialist Party (SFIO), is killed by an OAS commando. At 8 a.m. with many of the building terraces of Bab el Oued occupied by soldiers, a shot is fired from a building on the Rue Mizon at police patrol in the street below. Ahmed Ben Bella breaks with the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic. Frankreich sicherte die weitere technische und finanzielle Unterstützung Algeriens zu. � ��0�+,4„鰼0���aBaB�[��l5�/� Belkacem Krim, who favors allowing the European colons to remain in Algeria, clashes with Ahmed Ben Bella and Houari Boumedienne, who join Yuossef Ben Khedda in opposition. A 6 p.m. curfew is imposed on the city. 0000000936 00000 n Muhammad Ali Recommended for you. Christian Fouchet is named French High Commissioner in Algeria. L’année 1962 peut paraître une borne trop commode. Colonel Ranson, head of military intelligence in Oran, is killed by the OAS. A permanent curfew is imposed on the quarter. An official statement announces that he was killed as a combatant. President de Gaulle survives an assassination attempt. The Europeans population begins a mass exodus from the Algeria. At noon the Army imposes a total blockade on the quarter and calls in tanks and air support during the ensuing battle which leaves 17 dead and 97 wounded from the ranks of the forces of public order. Algiers Gendarmes Mobiles, acting on intelligence reports, kill Captain Pivain of the OAS. Yusef Ben Khedda replaces Ferhat Abbas as leader of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic. Generals Maurice Challe, Edmond Jouhaud, Marie André Zeller and Raoul Salan launch a putsch in Algiers. Algerian independence is proclaimed by the Provisional Government after a two day delay so that the declaration would coincide with the 132nd anniversary of the French conquest of Algiers. During the night, hundreds of OAS signs, banners and Tricolors are hung from public buildings, harbor cranes and lampposts throughout Algeria. The French nuclear testing program moves to the Oasis Military Test Center, an underground site, at In Ecker in the Hoggar region about 150 kilometers north of Tamanrassett. The one o’clock news program on Algiers television is interrupted by the first OAS pirate broadcast. Abdherramane Farés, future President of the Provisional Executive, is arrested on suspicion of collecting funds for the FLN. An FLN commando machine guns the entrance to the Lycée Bugeaud in Algiers killing one high school student and wound several others. The first natural gas from the Hassi R’Mel field in the Sahara reaches the Mediterranean coast by pipeline. Unterzeichner waren Frankreich und die algerische Nationale Befreiungsfront (Front de Libération Nationale, FLN). An amnesty decree for FLN convicts is published. Pedestrians stand immobile in the doorways. �A��*a`�aPL � The measure is defeated in Algeria were 40% of the electorate obeys the FLN’s order to abstain. The 1st REP is disbanded, the legionnaires leave Zéralda Sidi Bel Abbes singing Edith Piaf’s song “Non je ne regrette rien” (No, I regret nothing). The OAS sets fire to the British Petroleum fuel depot in the port of Oran. March 19 : Abderhamane Farés, FLN treasurer, is freed from prison. The OAS sinks an LST housing a French military radio relay transmitter in the port of Algiers. President de Gaulle issues an amnesty to 2,500 FLN members. Lieutenant Roger Degueldre, leader of the OAS Delta commandos, is sentenced to death by the Court of Military Justice. Cars are parked. 0000001228 00000 n September 1961 war erfolglos, ebenso das mit Schusswaffen verübte Attentat von Petit-Clamart am 22. Pierre Popie, liberal lawyer and transporter of funds to the FLN, is killed by counter- terrorists. Ahmed Ben Bella and his fellow prisoners are transferred to Garches. The leniency shown by the military tribunal leads to its replacement by the Court of State Security. General Fernand Gambiez replaces General Crépin as Commander in Chief of the Army in Algeria. General Paul Gardy, who replaced Raoul Salan as leader of the OAS, leaves Algeria for Spain with his staff. The Secret Army Organization (OAS) is founded in by Pierre Lagaillarde; Tassou Georgopoulos, former journalist of l'Echo d'Oran, owner of the Café Riche on the Place Villebois Mareuil and a staff sergeant in the Territorial Armies; garage owner George Gonzalès and Robert Tabarot, former boxer and nephew of the founder of Oran Républicain. The Evian talks break down over the intransigence of the FLN in regards to sovereignty over the Sahara and departure of Europeans from Algeria. At 6:30, a bugle sounds to announce the end of the demonstration. The OAS fires 6 mortar shells on the Place du Gouvernement below the Algiers Casbah killing 24 and wounding 55 Moslem civilians. A National Assembly deputy reports that General Katz, military commander of Oran, has remarked, “Give me a battalion of the ALN and I will reduce the OAS to Oran.” May 11. He is request to take command of the Force Locale (ATO) but declines declaring that he is French and will remain so until death. Für sie galten diverse Rechte für die Repräsentation in politischen Gremien und im öffentlichen Leben sowie zur Garantie ihrer Eigentumsrechte und ihrer kulturellen Identität. They will not enter the European strongholds of Bab el Oued in Algiers, Ekmule in Oran or Saint Eugene until June 25th. Accord franco algérien du 27 décembre 1968 Entre le gouvernement de la République française et le gouvernement de la République algérienne démocratique et populaire relatif à la circulation, à l'emploi et au séjour des ressortissants algériens et de leurs familles. The OAS bombs the FLN camp at Oujda, Morocco using two T28 planes taken from a French base at Senia near Oran. Verdict is rendered in the Barricades Trial. OAS attacks resume. Muhammad Ali vs George Chuvalo (II) 1972-05-01 - Duration: 43:47. Si Mohamed, the last FLN protagonist of the Si Salah affair, is killed during the capture of the FLN radio station in a suburb of Blida by the 11th Shock Batallion. The FLN announces the first mass expulsion of Europeans. 0300 – The 1st REP, acting on orders from Commander Elie Denoix, seizes strategic locations in Algiers in a bloodless coup. Durch die Verträge von Évian wurde der Algerienkrieg mit der Proklamation eines Waffenstillstandes ab dem 19. Quick intervention by European firemen saves the Moslem quarter from conflagration. Colonel Godard and Captain Pierre Sergent (OAS) are sentenced to 20 years in prison in absentia. Seventeen European civilians are killed and 35 wounded. The Army is ordered to fire without warning on violators. seit 10 Jahren in Algerien lebten und entweder selbst in Algerien geboren wurden oder mindestens einen in Algerien geborenen Elternteil hatten. General Jouhaud takes charge of the OAS in the Oran region. Military operations are suspended and replaced with patrols under orders to avoid confrontation. The other fugitives are sentenced in absentia to prison terms of 2 to 10 years. The MPC bombs three more downtown Algiers bars during the afternoon. Generals Challe, Zeller and Bigot – 15 years, Generals Faure and Vaudrey and Commandant Hélie Denoix de Saint-Marc – 10 years, General Gouraud, Colonels de La Chapelle and Bernard Sabouret Garat de Nedde – 7 years. The Algiers Bar Association is dissolved. 1915 – General Challe declares over the radio, “I am in Algiers with Generals Zeller and Jouhaud and in communication with General Salan to uphold our oath, the oath of the Army, to keep Algeria so that our dead will not have died for nothing. Debré denies the allegation. Nineteen people are killed during the night in clashes between the OAS and FLN at Oran. The trial of General Faure for his role in the Paris Putsch ends. 1914-1944 | الجزائر- فرنسا The National Assembly rejects the Valentin Amendment aka the Salan Amendment which calls for a reduction in term of service to 18 months for conscripts from metropolitan France and the mobilization of 8 military classes in Algeria.