absorption the sharing of indirect costs or OVERHEADS to units of product by means of COST RATES.Provided that actual overheads do not exceed BUDGET and that actual output is the same as budgeted output, then the overhead cost rate should allow total product cost to be determined, and a selling price set which will recover the overhead costs involved in producing and selling the product. Les macronutriments (glucides, lipides, protéines) et les micronutriments (vitamines, oligoéléments, sels minéraux) sont des substances chimiquement simples, faciles à absorber. (noun) Learn more. For many drugs, reducing the particle size leads to a reduction in the dose that is required to achieve the same therapeutic effect. Intestinal absorption: the passage of nutrients from the intestine into the blood. For example, a suitable analog may be chosen so that the drug is more likely to be in a non-ionic form. Absorption, in biology, is the process of taking or assimilating substances into the cell or across the tissues by the process of diffusion or osmosis.. Absorption of substances into a cell or tissue usually occurs through the general surface of the cell. Propriété que présentent les solides et les liquides de retenir certaines … This means that the ionized molecules cannot pass through the intestinal membrane and be absorbed. 1 : the process of absorbing or of being absorbed absorption of nourishment in the small intestine - compare adsorption. Absorption is a primary focus in drug development and medicinal chemistry, since a drug must be absorbed before any medicinal effects can take place. Additionally, slow-release dosage forms may maintain concentrations within an acceptable therapeutic range over a long period of time, as opposed is quick-release dosage forms which may result in sharper peaks and troughs in serum concentration. Drugs must pass or permeate through these cells in order to be absorbed into the circulatory system. ‘shock absorption’ ‘Nor is it merely that their absorption into domesticity makes functional sense in a commercial and industrial society.’ ‘But milk appeared to inhibit the antioxidant potential of the flavonoids, reducing their absorption into the bloodstream.’ [3], In other situations, such as intravenous therapy, intramuscular injection, enteral nutrition and others, absorption is even more straightforward and there is less variability in absorption and bioavailability is often near 100%. The solubility and the permeability of a substance that is a potential drug candidate are important physicochemical properties the scientist wants to know as early as possible [1] [7]. Absorption, in medical terms, is the act of a substance being taken into the body through the bloodstream and then being distributed to the body's tissues. L'absorption intestinale permet aux différents nutriments de gagner les tissus par voie sanguine. A Sorption is a physical or a chemical process by which one substance becomes attached to another substance. Adsorption: Absorption: It is a surface phenomenon. For example, intestinal absorption is the uptake of food (or other substances) from the digestive tract. Dispositif médical adapté. Absorption can be measured by rate, or the amount of time, a substance takes to be absorbed. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation offers a way to determine the proportion of a substance that is ionized at a given pH. micronization). However, changing the structure of a molecule is less predictable than altering dissolution properties, since changes in chemical structure may affect the pharmacodynamic properties of a drug. The rate of dissolution is a key target for controlling the duration of a drug's effect, and as such, several dosage forms that contain the same active ingredient may be available, differing only in the rate of dissolution. absorption synonyms, absorption pronunciation, absorption translation, English dictionary definition of absorption. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Malabsorption can occur from diseases that injure the bowels, such as Crohn's disease, Whipple's disease, celiac disease, and many others. Résorption d'un abcès, d'une enflure, du pus, du sang. Hence, whether or not a molecule is ionized will affect its absorption, since ionic molecules are charged. tion. gases absorbed by a liquid or solid). Instantaneous absorption: absorption is instantaneous or practically so. Absorption costing, sometimes called full absorption costing, is a managerial accounting method for capturing all costs associated with manufacturing a particular product. C is the concentration of the solid in the bulk dissolution medium. Since solutions are already dissolved, they do not need to undergo dissolution before being absorbed. Medical Editor: Charles Patrick Davis, MD, PhD; Malabsorption: Poor intestinal absorption of nutrients. a) [Corresp. https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/absorption. IV) does not involve absorption, and there is no loss of drug. dispositif falsifié. 1. the state or process of being absorbed. Transformation of radiant energy into a different form of energy, usually heat, as it passes through a medium. Drug absorption is a pharmacokinetic parameter that refers to the way a drug is absorbed from a pharmaceutical formulation into the bloodstream. A common example is continuous, First-order absorption: rate of absorption is proportional to the amount of drug remaining to be absorbed. absorption definition: 1. the process of taking something into another substance: 2. complete interest in something: 3…. Medical Definition of Malabsorption. Elsevier, 1998, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Drug Absorption - Clinical Pharmacology", https://wchh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/psb.1551, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Absorption_(pharmacology)&oldid=1021171778, Articles needing additional references from June 2018, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Definition: The processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. PHYSICAL: Absorption is the phenomenon through which some of the energy produced by electromagnetic or corpuscular radiation is dissipated in a material medium. Solubility favors charged species, and permeability favors neutral species. [1][2], Successfully describing absorption involves several steps. [1] In many processes important in technology, the chemical absorption is used in place of the physical process, e.g., absorption of carbon dioxide by sodium hydroxide – such acid-base … Pénétration de liquides ou de gaz dans un organisme vivant à travers une paroi perméable pour eux. Anhydrous often dissolve faster than hydrated; however, anhydrous forms sometimes exhibit lower solubility. : the fraction of incident radiant energy which is absorbed per unit thickness, per unit mass, or per atom of an absorber. Biologie. This aspect of absorption has been targeted by medicinal chemists. the take up of nutrient material from the gut system of animals into the blood stream, or the process by which chlorophyll absorbs light for the process of photosynthesis. Image Credit: By NOOMEANG / … The uncharged fatty acid chains repel ionized, charged molecules. A recent study examined the timing of tea drinking on iron, The aim of this paper is trying to experimentally investigate the capillary water, In thermogravimetric experiments of polymeric materials, the faster, Fickian-dominated initial moisture uptake is often followed by a slower, Concentration studies were carried out to find an optimum concentration level of 2-pyrrolidone to generate a 2-pyrrolidone-nanoparticle complex and also allow the observation of the carbonyl, Figure 4 shows the performance of multi cylinder petrol engine with increasing speed for various load conditions with and without, Mie theory provides a good method of analyzing the optical, AL-Hawaj and AL-Mutairi [11] cogeneration scheme comprising a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) with an, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Effects of Imposed Damage on the Capillary Water Absorption of Recycled Aggregate Concrete, Absorption Systems Acquires TGA Sciences to Strengthen Research Expertise, Fats, oils helpful in unlocking full nutritional benefits of veggies, Fast recovery of non-Fickian moisture absorption parameters for polymers and polymer composites, INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF [C.sub.60] AND [C.sub.70] NANOPARTICLE INTERACTIONS WITH 2-PYRROLIDONE, Performance analysis of refrigeration system from exhaust gas waste heat of petrol engine. Ions cannot passively diffuse through the gastrointestinal tract because the epithelial cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer. The chemical composition of a drug, as well as the environment into which a drug is placed, work together to determine the rate and extent of drug absorption. The gastrointestinal tract is lined with epithelial cells. Glossaire : santéDéfinition du terme Absorption : Pénétration d'une substance dans un organismepar passage au travers des membranesde l'organisme (tube digestif, peau, muqueuse) sans créer de lésion. Definition - What does Absorption mean? Définitions de absorption. uptake of substances by a tissue, as of nutrients through the wall of the intestine. Different polymorphs exhibit different solubility and dissolution rate characteristics. take up or take in other substances or energy. Absorption intestinale : passage des substances nutritives de l'intestin dans le sang. See more. Dispositif médical adaptable. Also, prodrugs of a compound may be developed by medicinal chemists—these chemical variants may be more readily absorbed and then metabolized by the body into the active compound. ... or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. The fact or state of being much interested or engrossed. Compare ADSORPTION. One particular cellular barrier that may prevent absorption of a given drug is the cell membrane. Drug absorption is determined by the drug’s physicochemical properties, formulation, and route of administration. It is considered that intravascular administration (e.g. The transfer of a vitamin from the digestive tract to the bloodstream. Dosage forms (eg, tablets, capsules, solutions), consisting of the drug plus other ingredients, are formulated to be given by various routes (eg, oral, buccal, sublingual, rectal, parenteral, topical, inhalational). In the most common situation, a tablet is ingested and passes through the esophagus to the stomach. PARTAGERMis à jour le 19/11/2018. Action d' absorber : L'absorption d'un somnifère. Absorption vs Adsorption:- Absorption and Adsorption both are one of the most important mass transfer processes used in chemical and process industries.Absorption process and Adsorption process both are called sorption process. However, the reverse is true in the basic environment of the intestines—weak bases (such as caffeine) will diffuse more readily since they will be non-ionic. Absorption is the journey of a drug travelling from the site of administration to the site of action. assimilation; incorporation: the absorption of small farms into one big one. Types of absorption in pharmacokinetics include the following:[8], Movement of a drug into the bloodstream or lymph, Kaplan Pharmacology 2010, page 6, Absorption, Kaplan Pharmacology 2010, Video Lectures, Absorption chapter, W. Curatolo, Physical chemical properties of oral drug candidates in the discovery and exploratory development settings. dispositif implantable. Later, esterases in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) wall and blood hydrolyze these esters to release the parent drug. — called also coefficient of absorption. PHYSIOLOGY: Absorption is the entry of a substance from the outside to inside a living organism. For example, intestinal absorption is the uptake of food (or other substances) from the digestive tract. The most stable crystalline polymorph has the lowest dissolution rate. Chimie. Medical Definition of absorption coefficient. Chemical absorption specifically refers to absorption caused by a chemical reaction between the absorbed and absorbing elements. Learn more. Dispositif médical communiquant avec l’extérieur. Chemical absorption is a type of absorption, which is the process by which chemicals in one state become absorbed by chemicals in another state (e.g. Other facts that affect absorption include, but are not limited to, bioactivity, resonance, the inductive effect, isosterism, bio-isosterism, and consideration. Absorption Definition. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. 1 The process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another. ( ad-sōrp'shŭn) The property of a solid substance to attract and hold to its surface a gas, liquid, or a substance in solution or in suspension. 2. A substance that absorbs all radiations is called a black body. Moreover, the drug's pharmacokinetic profile can be easily and significantly changed by adjusting factors that affect absorption. CONTINUE SCROLLING OR CLICK HERE. Chemical modification by esterification is also used to control solubility. à résorber A 1] Disparition, par absorption progressive d'une humeur, d'un liquide épanché dans une cavité naturelle ou pathologique, ou dans des tissus de l'organisme qui ne les contiennent pas habituellement. Dictionnaire médical. Light absorption enhancement in organic solar cell by embedding Ag nanoparticles and nanochains within the active layer, Numerical simulation of gold nanostructure absorption efficiency for fiber-optic photoacoustic generation, Experimental investigation on an absorption refrigerator driven by solar cells, Absorbtive and Mucin-Producing Function Differentiation Type. For example, stearate and estolate esters of a drug have decreased solubility in gastric fluid. Absorption vs Adsorption. The rate of dissolution may also be altered by choosing a suitable polymorph of a compound. En biologie, l'absorption désigne l'ensemble des actions par lesquelles les nutriments sont introduits dans l'organisme. The rate of dissolution is described by the Noyes–Whitney equation as shown below: As can be inferred by the Noyes–Whitney equation, the rate of dissolution may be modified primarily by altering the surface area of the solid. absorption. Since non-ionic species diffuse more readily through cell membranes, weak acids will have a higher absorption in the highly acidic stomach. A common example is bolus, Zero-order absorption: rate of absorption is constant. Lipid-soluble drugs are absorbed more rapidly than water-soluble drugs.[6]. and its dosage form (e.g., tablets, capsules, solutions) is supposed to be given. In it, the substance is only retained on the surface and does … Absorption coefficient definition, a measure of the rate of decrease in the intensity of electromagnetic radiation, as light, as it passes through a given substance. The act or process of absorbing or the condition of being absorbed. dispositif faisant l'objet d'une investigation. It may, however, be re-emitted as light of another wavelength as, for example, ultraviolet radiation is converted into visible radiation on absorption by a luminescent material. Compare: absorption. [L. ad, to, + sorbeo, to suck in] Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012. Absorption: Uptake. Coating may also be used to modify where dissolution takes place. Also, coatings on a tablet or a pellet may act as a barrier to reduce the rate of dissolution. Absorption is the journey of a drug travelling from the site of administration to the site of action. Medical Definition of absorption 1 : the process of absorbing or of being absorbed absorption of nourishment in the small intestine — compare adsorption 2 : interception of radiant energy or sound … dispositif médical. Absorption is a condition in which something takes in another substance. Specifically, crystalline forms dissolve slower than amorphous forms, since crystalline forms require more energy to leave lattice during dissolution. The bilayer is made up of two layers of phospholipids in which the charged hydrophilic heads face outwards and the non-charged hydrophobic fatty acid chains are in the middle of the layer. n. 1. If a drug is supplied in a form that is not readily dissolved, the drug may be released more gradually over time with a longer duration of action. For example, enteric coatings may be applied to a drug, so that the coating only dissolves in the basic environment of the intestines. Medical Definition of absorption. The reduction of particle size increases the specific surface area and the dissolution rate, and it does not affect solubility. [4] The fastest route of absorption is inhalation, and not as mistakenly considered the intravenous administration.[5]. dispositif invasif de type chirurgical. Define absorption. 2 : interception of … First, the drug needs to be introduced via some route of administration (oral, topical-dermal, etc.) the act of absorbing. This will prevent release of the drug before reaching the intestines. Representative examples include typical cases of, This page was last edited on 3 May 2021, at 08:42. It concerns with the whole mass of the absorbent. dispositif invasif. Absorption is the process of a drug moving from its site of delivery into the bloodstream. Erroneous basis for the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D reference range? adsorption definition: 1. the process in which a substance, usually a gas, forms a very thin layer on a surface: 2. the…. The surface area may be adjusted by altering the particle size (e.g. Some molecules have special exchange proteins and channels to facilitate movement from the lumen into the circulation. Cell membranes are essentially lipid bilayers which form a semipermeable membrane. In the stomach, drugs that are weak acids (such as aspirin) will be present mainly in their non-ionic form, and weak bases will be in their ionic form. What does absorption mean? Having a longer duration of action may improve compliance since the medication will not have to be taken as often. Dissolution is also different for anhydrous and hydrous forms of a drug. the process by which energy or matter passively or actively enters a system, e.g. Pure lipid bilayers are generally permeable only to small, uncharged solutes. Light that is absorbed is neither transmitted nor reflected. Introduction to Drug Absorption